Vaksin untuk Ca Cervix

Taukah anda bahwa Setiap 2-4 menit seorang perempuan meninggal akibat kanker serviks?!
Ya, karena saat ini kanker serviks merupakan kanker yang paling sering ditemukan pada perempuan dikawasan seluruh dunia.

Ca Cervix
Ca ini menyerang segala umur mulai dari usia 10 tahun keatas. Dan paling sering menyerang wanita dimana ia masih produktif yaitu sekitar 30-50 tahun. Ca cervix dapat terjadi akibat infeksi dari human papilomavirus (HPV). HPV yang paling sering dijumpai ( 70% ) adalah tipe HPV 16 dan HPV 18. Meski sebagian dari infeksi HPV dapat hilang atau sembuh dengan sendirinya, namun sebagian dapat menetap dan akan berkembang menjadi Kanker serviks, yang dapat timbul tanpa gejala untuk beberapa tahun. Sehingga pada kasus-kasus yang terjadi, biasanya kanker serviks terdiagnosa pada stadium lanjut dimana angka kematian sangat tinggi.

Deteksi DiNi

Ca cervix dapat dideteksi dengan melakukan Pap Smear, walapun pada stadium awal gejala sulit terlihat. Ada 100 jenis HPV yang dapat menginfeksi namun sebagian besar tidak berbahaya dan tidak menunjukan adanya gejala.
HPV ini mudah ditularkan dengan melakukan hubungan seksual atau infeksi melalui kulit. Tidak seperti virus pada umumnya, perempuan yang terkena HPV tidak akan mempunyai kekebalan terhadap virus ini sehingga lebih mudah untuk terjadinya infeksi berulang yang apada akhirnya akan beresiko terjadi Ca Cervix

Vaksinasi
Dan saat ini sudah ditemukan vaksin yang dapat melawan dua jenis virus yang paling sering menyerang yaitu HPV 16 dan HPV 18. vakin tersebut diproyeksikan guna mencegah kanker serviks dan memberikan perlindungan terhadap HPV 16 da HPV 18. selain itu vaksin juga diharapkan dapat mengatasi infeksi menetap yang disebabkan oleh tipe HPV onkogenik.

Temuan vaksin itu dirancang untuk meningkatkan respon kekebalan sehingga dengan vaksin tersebut perlindungan terhadap HPV bisa lebih panjang. Menjaga agar tidak terjadi lesi akibt HPV juga menjadi salah satu efikasi ( manfaat) vaksin tersebut. Dan vaksin ini dapat melawan infeksi silang yang disebabkan oleh HPV 31 dan HPV 45 yang juga terkait dengan HPV 16 dan HPV 18

Dengan ditemukannya vaksin ini serta melakukan skrining, merupakan langkah baru untuk pencegahan terjadinya kanker serviks.
Tapi sekali lagi perlu diingat vaksin ini merupakan tindakan untuk profilaktik dan bukan terapiutik



Sumber
1. Majalah DOKTER KITA. Edisi 12-THN II-DESEMBER 2007
2. www.suarakarya-online.com/news.html?id=181536

HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM, BAHAYA GA SIH?!

Hiperemesis Gravidarum

Adalah suatu keadaan pada masa kehamilan dimana terjadi mual dan muntah yang berlebihan, kehilangan berat badan, serta terjadinya gangguan keseimbangan elektrolit. Terjadi pada 1-2% ibu yang pada masa kehamilannya mengalami morning sickness. Umumnya gangguan mual muntah tersebut bisa berlangsung hingga minggu ke-20 kehamilan, yang ditandai dengan mual yang tidak terkendali serta muntah-muntah hampir dua puluh kali setiap harinya. Hyperemesis gravidarum tidak dapat dicegah namun ibu hamil dapat menjadi lebih nyaman jika mengetahui cara manajemen perawatan hyperemesis gravidarum tersebut.

Walaupun ada dugaan bahwa mual muntah yang berlebihan dapat memperbesar risiko terjadinya keguguran, namun kondisi tersebut sebenarnya lebih membahayakan si ibu. Ibu hamil bisa mengalami dehidrasi yang dapat berakibat fatal jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Dehidrasi tersebut dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan organ hati dan ginjal. Biasanya dokter akan memberikan suntikan serta obat-obatan antimual untuk mengatasinya.

Penyebabnya...
Hyperemesis gravidarum sampai saat ini masih belum diketahui dengan jelas faktor yang menjadi penyebab pastinya. Namun perubahan hormonal diduga memiliki kaitan dengan kejadian ini. Hypermemesis gravidarum lebih sering dialami oleh ibu dengan kehamilan multipel (kembar dua atau lebih) dan seorang wanita yang mengalami hyperemesis gravidarum pada kehamilan sebelumnya mempunyai kemungkinan mengalami hyperemesis gravidarum pada kehamilan berikutnya.

Gejala-gejala yang dialami...
Pada setiap ibu hamil gejalanya tidak selalu sama, tapi yang paling sering dirasakan seperti :
· Mual dan muntah berat terutama pada trimester pertama kehamilan
· Muntah setelah makan atau minum
· Kehilangan berat badan >5% dari BB ibu hamil sebelum hamil, (rata-rata kehilanagn BB 10%)
· Dehidrasi
· Penurunan jumlah urine
· Sakit kepala
· Bingung
· Pingsan
· Jaundise
Pada keadaan yang parah perlu perawatan khusus karena hiperemesis gravidarum ini akan menyebabkan perubahan bahkan ganguan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit, defisiensi nutrisi, gangguan liver dan jaundise (warna kuning pada kulit, mata dan membran mukosa). Dan kehilangan berat badan ibu hamil yang berlebih dan kekurangan nutrisi berefek pada pertumbuhan janin.


Penatalaksanaan ...
Tujuan dari penatalaksaan ini diantaranya adalah :
· Menurunkan rasa mual dan muntah
· Mengganti kehilangan cairan dan elektrolit
· Memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi dan mengatasi kehilangan BB ibu hamil
Cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk meringankan gejala-gejala saat dirumah adalah :
Makan dalam jumlah sedikit tapi sering, jangan makan dalam jumlah atau porsi besar hanya akan membuat anda bertambah mual. Berusahalah makan sewaktu anda dapat makan, dengan porsi kecil tapi sering.
Makan makanan yang tinggi karbohidrat dan protein yang dapat untuk membantu mengatasi rasa mual anda. Banyak mengkonsumsi buah dan sayuran dan makanan yang tinggi karbohidrat seperti roti, kentang, biscuit
Di pagi hari sewaktu bangun tidur jangan langsung terburu-buru terbangun, cobalah duduk dahulu dan baru perlahan berdiri bangun. Bila anda merasa sangat mual ketika bangun tidur pagi siapkanlah snak atau biscuit didekat tempat tidur anda, dan anda dapat memakannya dahulu sebelum anda mencoba untuk berdiri.
Hindari makanan yang berlemak, berminyak dan pedas yang akan memperburuk rasa mual anda.
Minum yang cukup untuk menghindari dehidrasi akibat muntah. Minumlah air putih, ataupun juice. Hindari minuman yang mengandung kafein dan karbonat.
Vitamin kehamilan kadang memperburuk rasa mual, tapi anda tetap memerlukan folat untuk kehamilan anda ini. Bila mual muntah sangat hebat, konsultasikan ke dokter anda sehingga dapat diberikan saran terbaik untuk vitamin yang akan anda konsumsi. Dan dokter anda mungkin akan memberikan obat untuk mual bila memang diperlukan.

Vitamin B 6 efektif untuk mengurangi rasa mual pada ibu hamil. Sebaiknya Konsultasikan dahulu dengan dokter anda untuk pemakaiannya.
Pengobatan Tradisional : Biasanya orang menggunakan jahe dalam mengurangi rasa mual pada berbagai pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian di Australia menyatakan bahwa jahe dapat digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengatasi rasa mual dan aman untuk ibu dan bayi. Pada beberapa wanita hamil ada yang mengkonsumsi jahe segar atau permen jahe untuk menbantu mengatasi rasa mualnya.
Istirahat dan relax akan sangat membantu anda mengatasi rasa mual muntah. Karena bila anda stress hanya akan memperburuk rasa mual anda.
Perawatan yang biasa dilakukan di Rumah Sakit antara lain :
· Pemberian cairan intra vena : untuk memberikan hidrasi, elektrolit, vitamin dan nutrisi
· Percutaneus endoscopic gastrotomy : memberikan nutrisi
· Medikasi : Metoclopramide, Antihistamin, dan anti reflux medication.


Sumbernya…
http://www.info-sehat.com/content.php?s_sid=906
http://lely-nursinginfo.blogspot.com/2007/06/hyperemesis-gravidarum.html

Migraine!! How to prevent it ???

There’re many people feel migraine, and usually the pain is accompanied by nausea and changes in vision. And of course it can disturb the activity of that people.

Cause of the migrain....

MIGRAINE is a form of headache. It is usually very intense and disabling. Some people suffer from it repeatedly. Migraines are different from other headaches because they occur with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light.

Migraines can be triggered by allergies and stress. They may be, relieved by identifying and avoiding problem foods. Some sufferers react to salt, lactose in milk and ice cream, cigarette smoke, birth control pills, caffeine and tryptophan, an amino acid found in protein-rich foods. All these allergens may trigger or worsen a migraine attack.

So, Is there any way to prevent an attack?

There are many way to prevent a migrain attack, like consuming vitamin, such as Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is helpful in treating migrain, cause It has been noticed that a reduction of energy production within the blood vessels of the brain is one of the causes. Thus flooding the system with riboflavin can indirectly help regenerate this flagging energy system and somehow short-circuit migraine pain. High doses of calcium and vitamin D have also been useful in treating migraines.

Not only vitamin, mineral also needed, like magnesium. On average, those with migraine have lower levels of magnesium. Studies have shown that magnesium supplementation decreases premenstrual migraines. Fish oil may also be used to reduce the symptoms of migraine headaches. Ginkgo biloba may also help as it reduces the platelet-activating factor, which may contribute to migraine attacks.

And finally,the most important, you’ve doing Exercising and managing your stress. Cause it is the main factor of migrain attack..

from:http://www.e-healtharticles.com/Detailed/Neurology/Headaches__Migraines/How_to_tackle_migraine_J1912.html

A Migraine And An Allergy Headache, are they same?!!

There’re many people find it difficult to distinguish between an allergy headache and a migraine. There may be chances of Allergy headache if someone complains of headache after eating or drinking something. If the headache is accompanied with swelling, hives or breathing problems too then these symptoms confirm Allergy headache. These types allergies can be fatal if not handled properly a doctor should be consulted immediately.

If a person suffers from headache pain, but have no other symptoms, then he can try to get relief by applying a cold pack on his forehead. When this is accompanied with proper rest he should feel much better after a short period of time. However, if he feels that the cold pack is of little use, then he should stop using it and allow the pain to settle down. A painkiller such as acetaminophen, naproxen sodium, ibuprofen or aspirin may prove to be helpful here.

Allergy Headaches Due To Weather

Someone may also get an allergy headache from the changes in seasons as well. symptoms effectively make an allergy headache discernible from a migraine. The symptoms of migraine are an intense headache that is located in one particular area of your head. Usually it is accompanied by nausea and it may even cause you to vomit. Sometimes person having migraine may even become sensitive to touch on his arms and scalp. A migraine may last for several hours or days. If someone suffer from migraines, discussion with a doctor and proper medication may prove helpful.
On the other hand, an allergy headache is usually triggered by person’s allergies or a change in the air pressure. Therefore, if he notices that headache is seasonal or occurs due to weather change, then there might be a possibility of Allergy headache. Person having Allergy headache can simply treat this common type of headache by taking an over-the-counter allergy pain reliever medication. This helps the pressure inside your sinuses to equalize with the air around it. These medications prove very helpful in treating all seasonal allergy symptoms as well.

from : http://www.e-healtharticles.com/Detailed/Neurology/Headaches__Migraines/The_Difference_between_A_Migraine_And_An_Allergy_Headache_J3518.html

The Facts of Alzheimer

If there is someone in your family has Alzheimers disease, and you need info on Alzheimers disease to try to help you make decisions about what to do next, and what can you tell your kids to make them understand why their grandfather or uncle doesn’t recognize them anymore? Maybe this little info about the disease can help you to understand what the Alzheimer is!! So let’s read it together..

Alzheimers: What Is It?

Alzheimers disease is a form of a mental disorder known as “dementia”. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously hampers the brain’s ability to process rational or normal thought and inhibits the daily activities of its sufferers because of this. Alzheimers disease, therefore, affects the part of the brain that is responsible for thought, memory, and language.

Alzheimers disease is one of the leading causes of death in America. The German physician Alois Alzheimer first identified this disorder in 1907. This disorder is a serious illness that affects the memory ability of the brain, capability of learning, making rational decisions and capacity to function routinely.

Alzheimers disease robs millions of people each year of their memories, their personalities, and the ability to complete daily activities. For the longest time, it was believed that nothing could be done to prevent this awful disease; that it was simply something that people had to look forward to when they reached their golden years. However, new research indicates that there is a number of ways to prevent Alzheimers disease.

The hallmark sign of Alzheimers disease is the loss of memory. Generally, those 65 years of age or older, begin to concern themselves with this disease at the first episodes of forgetfulness. Although forgetfulness is a sign of Alzheimers disease, it is important to note that there are other signals that may herald the onset of this malady. Therefore, being knowledgeable about Alzheimers, through exhibited signs, and is paramount for our loved one’s health as well as our own.

How to dealing With Alzheimers?!!

Hearing the news that a family member has received an Alzheimers diagnosis can be an emotionally devastating moment in anyone’s life. However, before the Alzheimers diagnosis can be given to the patient and their family, the patient must undergo a variety of laboratory tests, such as medical assessments and laboratory measurements. There is no single test existing that will categorically give the Alzheimers diagnosis.

With this proactive stance, diagnosticians have been able to devise a set of Alzheimers disease testing tools that can detect symptoms of Alzheimers disease in its earlier stages. As of yet, there is no single diagnostic test that is able to determine if a person has Alzheimers disease, but the battery of testing that is available makes it possible for physicians to diagnose it with about 90 percent accuracy. Alzheimers disease testing can take anywhere from one day to several weeks to ensure accuracy and proper diagnosis.

An Alzheimers test is important to ensure that the person isn’t just going through the usual memory loss associated with age; however, sometimes an Alzheimers test isn’t necessary. Alzheimers disease doesn’t just affect a person’s memory; it can make people see things that aren’t there, and even send them into screaming fits.

If you think a loved one is starting to become senile or experience other symptoms of dementia, you may want that person to undergo Alzheimers testing. Unfortunately, there is currently no definitive test for Alzheimers disease that a person can undergo. The only way doctors diagnose Alzheimers with 100% certainty is through physical examination of the brain after the person has passed away. Rather than Alzheimers testing, what you want to look for is some type of psychological and behavioral screening coupled with extensive tests to rule out other types of dementia.

So, how about Living With Alzheimers?!!

Living with Alzheimers can be a crippling experience for both the disease sufferer and the family that is involved. There are many moments of misunderstanding or confusion for most and the symptoms can become frustrating and difficult. The loss of memory and other associated factors can often cause immense separation in families and can create a nervous tension on relationships that is not necessary if suitable information is available and utilized by all parties involved.

Finding in-house Alzheimers help should not be an emotionally laden issue for the entire family. Tackling this need in an organized way, from evaluating to planning, is the key to making in-house Alzheimers help feasible. First, you should sit down and evaluate the needs of the family caregiver and the patient. From there, creating a job list and a set of guidelines becomes easy to make and follow.

Caring for someone with Alzheimers can be a daunting task. You will need all of the support you can get, along with the latest and most significant Alzheimers info and research. It is a confusing time, and the more you know, the more confident you will feel in your ability to give your loved one the best possible care and support. It is also important to build a support network that will help you to avoid the common problems associated with caretaker burnout.

articel take from

http://www.e-healtharticles.com/Detailed/Neurology/Alzheimers/Alzheimers_-_The_Facts_J2760.html

Stretch Marks and Pregnancy

Pregnancy brings some unavoidable problems with it backache, fatigue, queasiness, and, almost invariably, stretch marks. As the term of childbearing progresses (usually during the 6th or 7th month) something like 80% of all women can expect to find red striations to appear on the skin of the abdomen. Depending on the degree of change in weight gain, stretch marks can also develop on the upper thighs and waist.

Some dermatologists attribute the susceptibility to stretch marks in pregnancy to heredity, so some women may be at greater risk than others. Whatever the case, this need not be cosmetic Armageddon. Since the pregnancy/stretch arks connection has been discovered, a lot of research has gone into tackling the problem.

Pregnancy-related stretch marks can definitely be prevented and almost certainly minimized with the right precautions. For instance, pregnancy need not and should not equal indefinite and uncontrolled weight gain which is the main reason for stretch marks in pregnant women.

In other words, it is important that the mother-to-be maintains a strict nutritional regimen (read no compulsive consumption of dill pickles, no matter how strong the craving). At any stage of the pregnancy, weight gain should stay within 20 to 30 pounds. A proper diet should also be supplemented with regular exercise like walking and stretching. With these precautions, weight gain will follow its naturally appointed course and the skin will not be subjected to abrupt stresses which it cannot accommodate.

Maintaining proper body hydration by means of adequate water consumption will ensure that the skin stays moist and supple, thereby maintaining its elasticity and eliminating a major cause for stretch marks. In most Eastern countries, expectant mothers also receive daily oil massages with vitamin E and C-rich massage media to reduce the possibility of stretch marks � we in the West would do well to take a leaf out of that book.

Stretch Marks provides detailed information on Stretch Marks, Home Remedies For Stretch Marks, Laser Stretch Marks Removal, Prevent Stretch Marks and more. Stretch Marks is affliated with Skin Rashes

from :http://www.e-healtharticles.com/Detailed/Womens_Health/Pregnancy/Stretch_Marks_and_Pregnancy_J1648.html

_Weight Loss After Pregnancy_

Usually during pregnancy, womans gain more than 25 pounds. And after her childbirth their weight loss of up to 14 pounds, which means that new moms still have considerable weight to lose once they leave the hospital..

So, Is there any way to lose it?! May be this info can help, let's read it together !!

However, some women simply assume that this “baby fat” will never go away. Yet, it is entirely possible to lose weight during the post-partum period. A number of medical experts recommend easing into a weight loss program after the birth of your baby. This means that you will not start dieting until about three months following birth. You should combine a low-fat diet with moderate exercise in order to achieve weight loss.

Don’t expect instant results. It will take you a good nine months to get back to your weight prior to pregnancy. A go-slow approach is best because you need to give your body time to recover after childbirth. Certainly, you might be able to lose weight faster, but you might be sacrificing valuable nutrients as a result.

Interestingly enough, breastfeeding actually enhances weight loss. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has found that breastfeeding leads to the release of hormones which enable your uterus to return to its normal size.

However, breastfeeding alone won’t bring down your weight, you need to combine it with a sensible diet and a moderate exercise program. Keep in mind that you need to have at least 1800 calories a day while breastfeeding in order to keep yourself and your baby healthy. Still, stay clear of junk food during this period. You should rely on food with high nutritional value to maintain the proper level of calories each day.

There are many good reasons to exercise during the post-partum period. In addition to helping to accelerate weight reduction, exercise can help alleviate post-partum depression, improve your mood, and boost your confidence. Exercise can also “clear your head” so that you’re better able to meet the demands of motherhood. You might consider joining a “Mommy and Me” exercise class so that your baby can exercise right along with you. Another helpful hint is to enlist the help of a friend or relative to act as your exercise buddy so that you’ll have some emotional support while exercising. An added bonus of exercise is that it should boost your energy level, which is quite important when battling the fatigue which comes from caring for a newborn.
Your diet should generally be low-fat but not fat-free; vitamin rich; and high-fiber. Under no circumstances should you go on a fad diet. Such a diet could be quite harmful to your health and could actually slow your recovery from childbirth. It’s a good idea to set weight-loss goals, but don’t go overboard. Recognize that there’s a limit to the amount of weight you can lose during a given period of time.

.The time right after the birth of a child can be quite challenging, taxing both your physical and emotional strength. While it is certainly a good idea to eat healthy, you’ll need to pace yourself as far as weight loss is concerned. Over time, you should be able to lose the weight you gained during your pregnancy. In fact, you might find that you’re actually healthier after your baby is born.

from: http://www.e-healtharticles.com/Detailed/Womens_Health/Pregnancy/The_Secrets_to_the_Weight_Loss_After_Pregnancy_J593.html